A leading indicator approach to safety: a case study of Nigeria’s construction sector

Abstract

The construction industry grapples with significant safety challenges, making it one of the most hazardous sectors to work in, especially in developing countries. This study aims to address safety concerns in the Nigerian construction industry by exploring safety leading indicators (SLIs). Unlike most studies that focus on post-incident analysis, this research takes a proactive approach by identifying and examining SLIs that can help predict and prevent construction accidents. The study began with a systematic literature review to identify existing research and uncover gaps. Employing a mixed-method approach due to the novel nature of the research, data collection included semi-structured interviews, focus groups, text mining using natural language processing, and structured questionnaires administered to construction professionals. The data was collected from experts in Nigerian construction safety. The research classified safety leading indicators into five categories: contract administration, project-based, prequalification, activities, and safety involvement. Thematic analysis of interview data provided in-depth insights into these indicators. Additionally, text mining helped identify the primary discussion topics related to construction accidents and safety in Nigeria. A framework for implementing safety leading indicators in the Nigerian construction industry was developed using structural equation modeling. This model identified critical variables for SLI implementation. Through factor analysis in SPSS, the study ranked the most vital variables for SLIs in the construction industry. The outcomes can guide safety improvements not only in Nigeria but also in other developing countries. Implementing SLIs and prioritising key factors in safety management can significantly reduce accidents, enhance productivity, lower costs, and mitigate legal issues in the construction industry. The study's unique approach and findings contribute to the global efforts to make construction sites safer, more productive, and cost-effective.