The enrichment of whey protein isolate hydrogels with poly-γ-glutamic acid promotes the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of preosteoblasts
Authors
Baines, Daniel K.Platania, Varvara
Tavernaraki, Nikoleta N.
Parati, Mattia
Wright, Karen
Radecka, Iza
Chatzinikolaidou, Maria
Douglas, Timothy E.L.
Issue Date
2023-12-23
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Osseous disease accounts for over half of chronic pathologies, but there is a limited supply of autografts, the gold standard; hence, there is a demand for new synthetic biomaterials. Herein, we present the use of a promising, new dairy-derived biomaterial: whey protein isolate (WPI) in the form of hydrogels, modified with the addition of different concentrations of the biotechnologically produced protein-like polymeric substance poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) as a potential scaffold for tissue regeneration. Raman spectroscopic analysis demonstrated the successful creation of WPI-γ-PGA hydrogels. A cytotoxicity assessment using preosteoblastic cells demonstrated that the hydrogels were noncytotoxic and supported cell proliferation from day 3 to 14. All γ-PGA-containing scaffold compositions strongly promoted cell attachment and the formation of dense interconnected cell layers. Cell viability was significantly increased on γ-PGA-containing scaffolds on day 14 compared to WPI control scaffolds. Significantly, the cells showed markers of osteogenic differentiation; they synthesised increasing amounts of collagen over time, and cells showed significantly enhanced alkaline phosphatase activity at day 7 and higher levels of calcium for matrix mineralization at days 14 and 21 on the γ-PGA-containing scaffolds. These results demonstrated the potential of WPI-γ-PGA hydrogels as scaffolds for bone regeneration.Citation
Baines DK, Platania V, Tavernaraki NN, Parati M, Wright K, Radecka I, Chatzinikolaidou M, Douglas TEL (2024) The Enrichment of Whey Protein Isolate Hydrogels with Poly-γ-Glutamic Acid Promotes the Proliferation and Osteogenic Differentiation of Preosteoblasts. Gels, 10(1):18. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels10010018Publisher
MDPIJournal
GelsAdditional Links
https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/10/1/18Type
Journal articleLanguage
enDescription
© 2023 The authors. This is an open access article available under a Creative Commons licence. The published version can be accessed at the following link on the publisher’s website: https://doi.org/10.3390/gels10010018ISSN
2310-2861EISSN
2310-2861Sponsors
Molecular graphics and analyses were performed with UCSF Chimera, developed by the Resource for Biocomputing, Visualization, and Informatics at the University of California, San Francisco, with support from NIH P41-GM103311.ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
10.3390/gels10010018
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Except where otherwise noted, this item's license is described as https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/